Polish Citizenship & Passport FAQ: Your Questions Answered

Anyone with at least one Polish ancestor who held Polish citizenship after 1920 may be eligible. If you can document an unbroken direct line and meet the legal requirements, you may qualify to have your citizenship confirmed. Learn more on our Eligibility guide.
No, language proficiency is not required for citizenship by descent. However, if you decide to prepare a citizenship application on your own without help - you will need a very advanced level of Polish, as the whole legal process is carried out in Polish.
No. Learn more about the application process here.
Yes, direct descendants of eligible Polish ancestors can often apply too subject to qualification. There are edge cases around out of wedlock births and adoptions that need to be analyzed.
Spouses are ineligible for citizenship by descent if they do not qualify on their own. They do have many rights as the spouse of an EU citizen. Details here.
It’s a good start, but you will likely need additional documents to prove citizenship. Poland does not have birthright citizenship.

Most people qualify by proving descent from a Polish ancestor, confirming their Polish citizenship through official records, and registering the required civil documents in Poland. Once confirmed, you can apply for your Polish passport.
Confirmation of citizenship requires submitting a formal application to Polish authorities. They review your ancestral documents, verify whether citizenship was maintained, and issue an official Citizenship Decision when approved.
No. All applications, forms, statements, and supporting documents must be in Polish or translated into Polish by a government-accredited translator. Submitting anything in English will not be accepted. Learn more about the application process here.
In many cases, yes. Several foreign documents require Apostille certification before they can be used in a Polish legal proceeding. The exact requirements depend on your country and the type of document.
We review your information, evaluate your eligibility for Polish citizenship by descent, and contact you with your assessment. If needed, we may request additional details before outlining your next steps.
Most applications take over a year to complete, depending on how quickly the required Polish documents can be located and verified. Processing times vary for every case, especially when additional research is needed. Learn more about the timeline here.

To obtain a Polish passport, you must first have your Polish citizenship confirmed. Once you are officially recognized as a Polish citizen, you can apply for your passport through a Polish consulate or embassy.
Learn more about the full process on our Polish Citizenship by Descent page.
Yes. Polish citizenship must be confirmed before a passport can be issued. You also need Polish civil records and a PESEL number before applying. Details are outlined on our How to Obtain Your Polish Passport page.
Poland issues:
- Standard passports for adults and children
- Diplomatic passports
- Service passports
Temporary passports may also be issued in emergencies.
Children must first be declared Polish citizens before a passport can be issued. Parents or legal guardians apply on the child’s behalf, and both parents usually need to be present at the consulate unless exceptions apply.
Full guidance is available on our Obtaining a Polish Passport page.

A Polish passport is one of the most powerful travel documents in the world. It provides visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to more than 180 countries and gives you the full rights of an EU citizen once your Polish citizenship is confirmed. With a Polish passport you can live, work, study and retire anywhere in the European Union.
Learn more on our Obtaining a Polish Passport page.
EU citizenship opens a wide range of life-changing opportunities. You can live in any EU country, take advantage of world-class education at local tuition rates, enjoy access to healthcare and social benefits, and move freely across Europe with no visa barriers. You can explore all the advantages on our About EU Citizenship page.
There are currently 27 member states across Europe. Member countries include Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden. Passports issued in those countries are EU passports.

We’re a team dedicated to helping people secure Polish citizenship and passports. Read our story here.
Our US Headquarters is in Torrance, California (near Los Angeles). We have a team of researchers and attorneys in Warsaw, Lodz and Krakow, Poland. Our phone number is +1 424 307 4079.
Neil Kaplan, founder of PolandPassport.com, has run numerous online businesses and has a long track record of success and integrity including stints at Bain and Company, Universal Studios Hollywood and the Los Angeles Times. He started this business to help others do exactly what he did. He successfully gained his Polish citizenship and passport as well as for three of his children as well. He is of Polish and of Jewish heritage. Neil has created his PolandPassport.com team with the best researchers and attorneys in Poland.
Fees vary based on service level and case complexity.
We guide you through research, application, and approval — step by step.

Yes, Poland allows dual citizenship in most cases.
Usually not, unless you reside or earn income there. Learn more about the tax implications here.
No.

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